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        隨著城市建(jian)設的(de)高速發(fa)展，電(dian)梯(ti)的(de)保有量迅猛增長，電(dian)梯(ti)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)運行越來(lai)越引起(qi)社會的(de)廣泛關注。特(te)別是電(dian)梯(ti)故障(zhang)頻發(fa)和(he)(he)事故不(bu)(bu)時發(fa)生(sheng)，給社會穩定和(he)(he)家庭帶來(lai)影(ying)響，不(bu)(bu)可小視。凡經歷(li)過電(dian)梯(ti)故障(zhang)的(de)人(ren)，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)留下(xia)心理陰(yin)影(ying)，也容易產生(sheng)“電(dian)梯(ti)恐懼(ju)癥(zheng)”，由此對電(dian)梯(ti)安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作提出(chu)(chu)了更(geng)高的(de)要求。青(qing)島市市南區市場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)局從落實安(an)(an)全(quan)主體(ti)責任監(jian)管(guan)(guan)入手，對目前基層監(jian)管(guan)(guan)部門電(dian)梯(ti)安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)現狀(zhuang)進(jin)行了深入地調研和(he)(he)分析，發(fa)現了不(bu)(bu)少問題，提出(chu)(chu)積極(ji)的(de)意見(jian)和(he)(he)建(jian)議。

        存在的問題

        部(bu)分電梯(ti)使用單位安(an)全主(zhu)體責任意識不(bu)強，安(an)全觀(guan)念(nian)淡薄。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)企業為了片(pian)面追求經濟效益，忽視電梯(ti)安(an)全工作，一味強調(diao)低(di)成本投入，資金投入不(bu)足，部(bu)分電梯(ti)設(she)備故障無法及時消除(chu)，“帶(dai)病(bing)”運(yun)行。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)違反特種設(she)備法律(lv)法規，維(wei)護(hu)(hu)不(bu)盡(jin)責、走(zou)過(guo)場，管理維(wei)護(hu)(hu)缺失。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)電梯(ti)使用管理者安(an)全責任主(zhu)體落實不(bu)夠明確、部(bu)分電梯(ti)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)保養(yang)不(bu)到位等問題凸顯。隨(sui)著電梯(ti)保有(you)(you)量、使用量大幅增長，管理維(wei)護(hu)(hu)跟不(bu)上矛(mao)盾突(tu)出。

基層精通監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)業(ye)務人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)少，監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)能(neng)力(li)有(you)待(dai)提(ti)高。自工商與(yu)質監(jian)機構合并改革后(hou)，看起(qi)來好(hao)像是(shi)人(ren)(ren)力(li)投入加大，市(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所抽出人(ren)(ren)力(li)和(he)精力(li)，對(dui)電梯(ti)(ti)、特(te)種(zhong)設(she)備等進行(xing)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。開(kai)展了特(te)種(zhong)設(she)備監(jian)察員(yuan)基礎知識培(pei)訓，但由于特(te)種(zhong)設(she)備專(zhuan)業(ye)性較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，新(xin)擴充的來自原工商部門(men)的人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)質監(jian)業(ye)務，尤其是(shi)特(te)種(zhong)設(she)備比較(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)疏，短(duan)時(shi)間內(nei)，監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)到位難。僅(jin)以青(qing)島市(shi)市(shi)南(nan)區為例，該(gai)區電梯(ti)(ti)數量呈現爆發式增長。截至2016年12月底，共(gong)有(you)電梯(ti)(ti)4445臺，其中(zhong)15年以上(shang)(shang)老(lao)舊(jiu)電梯(ti)(ti)914臺。市(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)共(gong)99人(ren)(ren)，人(ren)(ren)均(jun)45臺，加上(shang)(shang)日常消費(fei)者投訴、農貿市(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、企業(ye)登(deng)記(ji)等大量工作(zuo)，根(gen)本無暇(xia)顧及電梯(ti)(ti)安(an)全監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

        電(dian)梯使用安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)知識(shi)宣傳不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，乘(cheng)客(ke)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)意識(shi)薄弱。乘(cheng)客(ke)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)乘(cheng)梯意識(shi)不(bu)(bu)強、在電(dian)梯上打鬧，裝修、運送貨物超載，隨時可見。加之，物業公司(si)頻繁更迭(die)，檢驗不(bu)(bu)及時、老舊電(dian)梯更新改造等隱患叢生，問(wen)題日(ri)益(yi)凸(tu)顯(xian)。

        電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)維(wei)修經費不(bu)足。上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)開始(shi)進入(ru)中國，按(an)照20年(nian)壽命計(ji)算(suan)，我國已進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)老化期，但國家(jia)關于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)報(bao)廢使用(yong)年(nian)限尚無(wu)明(ming)確規定(ding)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)行維(wei)護(hu)需要相應費用(yong)支持，目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)業(ye)管理費低，無(wu)專項基(ji)金(jin)，很(hen)難保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)日(ri)常開支和改(gai)造維(wei)修更新費用(yong)，特別是物(wu)業(ye)公司(si)在運(yun)營不(bu)景氣(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出現較大故障需要更換大的(de)(de)零部件時(shi)，如果物(wu)業(ye)公司(si)沒有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)資金(jin)投入(ru)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)安全就會面臨考驗。尤(you)其是商場、醫院等公共場所(suo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長時(shi)段、大客(ke)流、高負(fu)荷的(de)(de)使用(yong)，給(gei)乘客(ke)安全帶來更大的(de)(de)風險，一(yi)旦發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)事故或(huo)者(zhe)出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)故障，容易成(cheng)為輿論的(de)(de)焦點。

       5點對策建議

        1.加(jia)強(qiang)立(li)法(fa)(fa)，嚴格落(luo)實(shi)(shi)《青島市(shi)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)督管(guan)理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》有(you)關規定。電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用管(guan)理者(zhe)要(yao)切實(shi)(shi)履行電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)安(an)(an)全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用管(guan)理職責。公眾聚集場所(suo)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用管(guan)理者(zhe)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的日常(chang)安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理和(he)監(jian)控值(zhi)守。電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)單位要(yao)嚴格按照安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術規范要(yao)求規定的周期、項目(mu)和(he)內容實(shi)(shi)施(shi)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)安(an)(an)全(quan)性能。各級特種設備安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)督管(guan)理部(bu)門要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)質量(liang)的監(jian)督抽查，建立(li)和(he)完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)單位與(yu)從業人(ren)員的信用評(ping)價(jia)、激勵和(he)退出機制(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)分類監(jian)管(guan)。建議加(jia)強(qiang)地(di)方性立(li)法(fa)(fa)，對(dui)維修(xiu)不(bu)及時、帶病(bing)運行等問題，實(shi)(shi)行停運或罰款(kuan)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)執法(fa)(fa)者(zhe)有(you)法(fa)(fa)可依。

        2.提高電(dian)(dian)梯監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理人員業務素(su)質(zhi)。建(jian)議市(shi)級、區級等(deng)有計劃分(fen)批舉辦(ban)電(dian)(dian)梯監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理知識輪訓(xun)班，著重(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)梯基礎(chu)知識、電(dian)(dian)梯事故案(an)例、電(dian)(dian)梯日常監(jian)管(guan)(guan)須知等(deng)內(nei)容，進行培訓(xun)，提高監(jian)管(guan)(guan)能力。嚴格日常監(jian)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度，每(mei)次檢(jian)查(cha)要嚴格如實填(tian)寫(xie)安全檢(jian)查(cha)表等(deng)，實現痕跡化管(guan)(guan)理。嚴格責(ze)任追究，杜(du)絕瀆責(ze)失責(ze)。

        3.營造輿論氛(fen)圍，提(ti)高(gao)全(quan)民安全(quan)意(yi)識。通(tong)過政(zheng)府通(tong)報、媒體曝光(guang)(guang)、公(gong)布(bu)黑名單等(deng)方式以(yi)(yi)儆(jing)效尤；落實電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)安全(quan)獎(jiang)罰機制(zhi)，配(pei)套激勵政(zheng)策，樹立行(xing)業標桿，以(yi)(yi)點帶面促(cu)進電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)行(xing)業規范(fan)發展(zhan)；制(zhi)作電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)宣傳標準資料，比如影像光(guang)(guang)盤、漫畫圖片等(deng)，借(jie)助(zhu)公(gong)益廣告（電(dian)(dian)視(shi)幕墻、廣告專欄、廳門液晶幕等(deng)）使電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)安全(quan)常識家喻戶(hu)曉、深入(ru)人心。可先在政(zheng)府機關、醫院、學校(xiao)、商場等(deng)公(gong)共領域(yu)率先開(kai)展(zhan)示范(fan)，實現以(yi)(yi)點帶面。

        4.及(ji)時落實(shi)老(lao)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)理、改造和更(geng)新。去年，青島市(shi)市(shi)南區出臺(tai)的(de)老(lao)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)升級改造辦法，采用政府補一點(dian)(dian)，住戶拿(na)一點(dian)(dian)，物業(ye)出一點(dian)(dian)，三方共同(tong)出資，解(jie)決了老(lao)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)改造15臺(tai)，受到群眾的(de)普遍贊同(tong)。今后，對不能正常運(yun)行、安全性能難以保證(zheng)的(de)老(lao)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)，要及(ji)時修(xiu)(xiu)理、改造、更(geng)新。建議市(shi)級部門組織制訂老(lao)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)其部件的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)理、改造、更(geng)新等評價(jia)標準并實(shi)現上下“無縫對接”，建立(li)(li)完(wan)善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)體系。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)使用管(guan)理者應當建立(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)修(xiu)(xiu)理、改造、更(geng)新制度(du)，及(ji)時更(geng)新存在(zai)安全隱患的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)其零部件。

        5.借助街道、社區安全協管員的監管潛力。建議設立社區電梯安全專項工作經費，納入每年財政預算，專款專用，全面落實激勵機制，讓街道、社區安全協管員樂于主動參與到電梯安全宣傳、隱患排查、信息報告等各項工作中，真正履行協管職責，壯大監管力量。
        張(zhang)(zhang)家口弘盛(sheng)電梯有限公(gong)司(tel:)是一家集張(zhang)(zhang)家口電梯銷售、張(zhang)(zhang)家口電梯安裝、張(zhang)(zhang)家口電梯維修(xiu)保養為(wei)一體的專(zhuan)業化(hua)電梯服(fu)(fu)務公(gong)司，24小(xiao)時(shi)服(fu)(fu)務熱線：。